Qualitative assessments were performed on 48 fruit and tubers, including 18 strawberries, 12 potatoes, five grapes, seven peppers, and four Bosc and two red Anjou pears. The R 2 between length of the primary, secondary, and tertiary axes, volume, and surface area of the ground-truth object and the reconstructed models was >0.97 and root-mean square error (RMSE) was 0.99). We measured accuracy by comparing reconstructed models of 3D printed ground truth objects to the original digital files of those same ground truth objects. The initial prototype cost was $1600 USD. ![]() Data acquisition and image capture sessions are 9 seconds to capture 60 images. We present a complete system constructed of consumer-grade components for capturing, calibrating, and reconstructing the 3D form of small-to-moderate sized fruits and tubers. ![]() ![]() ![]() Systems for 3D imaging using multi-view stereo have been implemented, but frequently rely on commercial software and/or specialized hardware, which can lead to limitations in accessibility and scalability. Traditional fruit shape phenotyping relies on human raters or 2D analyses to assess form, e.g., size and shape. Reliable phenotyping methods that are simple to operate and inexpensive to deploy are critical for studying quantitative traits in plants.
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